Civil law
The modern system of civil law originated in mainland Europe and was later adopted by most of the world. The system evolved within the framework of Roman law, which served as the primary source of law. The modern system of civil law is based on a referable system. The basic idea is to use the law to resolve disputes and to protect the rights of both parties.
Unlike common law, which relies on common law principles, civil law is more prescriptive. This means that a government may need to consider specific legislation before embarking on a major infrastructure project. In addition, certain sectors may require specific legislation. If your country has a civil law system, you should consider the “Organizing Government to Think PPP” section and make sure you are following any relevant laws and regulations.
International law
International law has its origins in the ancient world. The ancient Israelite and Greek cultures provided the basic ideas of sovereignty, political relations, and independent units, which would be used in the development of international law. The Spanish empire and the American Revolution both emphasized natural rights as foundations of international law. In the 19th century, the concept of international law was consolidated with the founding of the United Nations and other international organizations.
International law is composed of many rules and principles. These laws generally require the state to do certain acts, and forbid the state from doing others. They also define criminal offenses against individuals. They usually include prohibitions of war, aggression, war crimes, and crimes against humanity. They may also include piracy, slavery, or apartheid.
Space law
Space law is a body of international law that governs the activities that take place in space, above the Earth’s lower atmosphere. It is very similar to maritime law and air law. However, there are some differences between space law and other forms of international law. While space exploration is a relatively new phenomenon, it is already governed by some treaties.
The Outer Space Treaty establishes a number of standards for space activities. It prohibits the use of weapons of mass destruction or bases in space, and encourages scientific exploration. The convention also stipulates rules for recovering space objects that have been damaged or destroyed.
Tax law
Tax law is the area of legal study involving the assessment and collection of taxes. Tax law is a branch of legal study that focuses on the methods and rules that public authorities use to assess and collect taxes. These rules are set forth by the federal government and the state governments. Learn more about the different ways that tax law affects your finances.
Tax law is an intellectually challenging area of law. The complexities of taxation and the complicated rules and regulations that govern it make it a highly intellectual field. Students who enjoy learning and applying complex rules should consider this path. Moreover, they should be comfortable with explaining complex issues and persuading others that their interpretation is right.
Administrative agency regulations
Administrative agency regulations are documents that implement state and federal laws. They can affect almost every industry. For example, the Department of Labor has regulations that pertain to workplace safety, while the Environmental Protection Agency has regulations related to protecting the environment. Each state also has its own administrative agency to enforce laws. To learn more about how to interpret the laws that govern administrative agencies, visit the Federal Register.
The laws governing administrative agencies are often vague and political factors play a role in interpreting them. In the case of securities, for example, a law that prohibits insider trading against the public interest has an administrative agency, the Securities and Exchange Commission. A similar law applies to food and drug products, in which the Food and Drug Administration is tasked with keeping dangerous or ineffective products off the market.