Financial services put money to work, from investing in the next great technology to helping people buy their first home. The sector is complex, involving everything from savings accounts to stock exchanges to credit card networks. Yet it is also powerful, allowing the world to meet many basic needs, including providing clean water and sanitation. It is a major source of jobs and growth, with companies in the industry creating millions of jobs worldwide.
Most countries have a mix of private and public providers, ranging from credit unions and mutual funds to banks and insurance companies. Governments typically regulate the sector, ensuring that people are treated fairly and that risks are managed properly. This is important because a trust in the sector is necessary for the economy to thrive.
Despite the global financial crisis, there is plenty of opportunity for those interested in working in financial services. The industry is known for promoting from within and rewarding hard workers, especially those who demonstrate initiative and are willing to learn new skills. Entry-level roles are also good ways to get your foot in the door, with most businesses offering intensive training and a strong mentoring program.
As the economy grows, so does demand for financial services. This is why it is important to have a clear understanding of the different types of financial services that are available, and what role each plays in the overall financial ecosystem.
The most fundamental financial service is intermediation. Providers take cash from savers and invest it or lend it to borrowers, often generating a profit on the spread between what they pay depositors and what they receive from borrowers. Banks, for example, add value by pooling the money of multiple savers and lending it to individuals with varying levels of risk. This helps them avoid the collapse that can occur when just one person defaults on their loan.
Intermediation also includes payment systems, which allow individuals and companies to transfer money quickly and securely. This includes credit and debit cards, wire transfers, and the global payment network that supports them. It also encompasses markets that facilitate a variety of trades, such as stocks, derivatives, and commodities. It can even include venture capital, which provides funding for new businesses in exchange for ownership stakes or profits.
Another important category is asset management, which involves managing investment portfolios for clients. It requires expertise in selecting investment options, diversifying assets, and monitoring market conditions to maximize returns and meet clients’ financial goals. It is common for asset managers to charge a fee for their services.
Lastly, there are consumer finance companies, which offer loans and other products that help people purchase essential or luxury goods. This category also includes hire purchase, leasing, and housing finance companies. These businesses are a vital part of the financial services ecosystem because they encourage saving by making it more affordable to buy things now and pay for them over time. This allows people to access the latest technologies and improve their standard of living.